The applications for stainless steels in petroleum refining are many and varied. This article focuses on the use of electrostatic desalters to produce a dehydrated, desalted crude oil with a low sediment content. Desalting electrostatic coalescers are also applied for desalting in order to reduce the crude s salt content. Oct 17, 2016 50000 bbl per 24 hours designed with sketchup from inside and outside for contact email address.
Process design of crude oil electrostatic desalters malaysia. Natco electrodynamic desalter electrostatic desalting. The electrostatic field in a desalter is affected by the electrical conductivity of crude oil. Electrical desalter is an effective method in crude oil desalting. Typical crude oil treatment system separation, heating, dehydration, stabilization, storage, metering, pumping gas to compression, processing gas to compression, processing crudecrude exchanger crude heater electrostatic treater, heater treater, degasser, desalter oil dehydration gas to compression, dehydration water to water treatment water. Highly efficient dehydration and desalting of crude oil from mature. The desalter removes salt, water and other contaminants from crude oil prior to distillation in an atmospheric tower.
The salt content in the crude oil varies depending on source of the crude oil. Environmental protection agency office of solid waste hazardous waste identification division. In addition, the treating rate for a dual polarity electrostatic desalter is more than for an. Bmasystem desalter interface control application sheet. I have 60000 bpd of oil with 4000 ptb, and 5% wash water with 400 ptb. Incoming crude oil is divided into two currents that go to desaltere d301 and d306, which work in a parallel manner. The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining. Natco electrodynamic desalter electrostatic desalting technology for crude oil combines five technologies to provide a compact, reliable, and effective desalter with a single vessel. Abstract new equations covering a wide range of oil types are. A desalting system such as the one shown schematically in fig. Pdf oil produced in most oil fields is accompanied by water in the form of an emulsion that must be treated. Process design of crude oil electrostatic desalters project standards and specifications page 5 of 12 rev. Dilute dispersionemulsion of ultrafine water droplets containing a variety of salts is usually present in crude oil.
It is very useful to remove the water and the dissolved salts, so that corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment can be prevented. Create new simulation file start the program from start, all programs, aspen tech, process modeling v8. Water content in crude oil after dehydration is 150. Scheduling cleaning in a crude oil preheat train subject to fouling hal. If the crude oil conductivity is very low, the electrostatic charge has difficulty reaching the dispersed. The modern petroleum refinery has a series of core process units that create clean gasoline and low sulfur diesel fuel.
Engineering design guideline crude unit desalter system rev1. Technology solutions for processing heavy canadian crude oil. The mod4100s is an online salt in crude oil analyzer, which is designed to provide real time analytical data of the salt content in crude oils. The effluent brine is dirty with solids, but these solids are oil free. If salt is not removed from crude oil, serious damage can result, especially in the desalting and fractional distillation of crude oil schematic as described in text. Online quality analysis of the crude oil properties is important to allow evaluating the crude oils at any time. Effects of possible changes in crude oil slate on the u.
This study will focus on optimizing the salt removal efficiency of a desalting unit which currently has an existing singlestage desalter. Advanced technologies of electrostatic desalter and technology development in research institute of petroleum industry article pdf available september 2016 with 698 reads how we measure reads. Crude oil desalter and electrostatic dehydrator market. Electrical desalter is an effective method in crude oil. The bhge crude oil management approach is a total system stewardship program that enables refiners to take full advantage of attractively priced opportunity crude oils.
Gas to typical crude oil treatment system separation. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for. Optimize desalter operation, lower operating costs crude oil supply chain cold preheat train desalter hot preheat train crude unit crude storage api sperator slop slop recovered oil. By adding a second stage desalter, the required salt spec in the desalted crude will be met. The following are the conditions to be set on the operations.
The effect of the icp contactor and the mixture valve on the desalting process was. Crude oil desalter encyclopedia article citizendium. Onsite quantification of monoethanolamine in crude oils. Hi guys, i am trying to perform a simple mass balance on a single stage desalter. Alfa laval has about 100 heat exchangers installed in refinery desalting processes around the world. Brine is discharged from the bottom, and crude oil is discharged from the top of the desalter. I know that water effluent is 6667 bpd and crude oil effluent contains 0. When the crude oil mixes with the emulsifying chemicals and water, the resulting emulsion layer makes it difficult for standard level measurement technologies to reliably track the interface. Desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil cleanup. While doing so, our heat exchangers deliver continuous uptime and extend equipment lifetime to the crude oil refiners. If crude oil is left untreated, when it is processed in a refinery the salt can cause various operating and maintenance problems. Crude oil preheat train atmospheric crude tower vacuum crude tower debutanizer to stabilize the overhead naphtha stream from the atmospheric crude tower. Available and emerging technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the petroleum refining industry prepared by the sector policies and programs division office of air quality planning and standards u. Before entering each desalter, the crude oil is put in contact with a stream of water by means of a mixing system, which later goes to the drum desalter where the phases are separated.
Pdf desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil. The desalting software programs can assist refineries wishing to turn economically priced opportunity crude oils that exhibit lower api gravity, are more sulfurous and have higher basic sediments and solids that can be filtered into something that will not inhibit performance. A crude oil desalter is a device used in petroleum refineries to remove inorganic salts, water and sediment from the incoming petroleum crude oil feedstock before it is refined. Here uss the settling velocity, i g is the gravitational acceleration, r is the droplet radius, oil is the viscosity of oil.
When first received by a refinery, the crude oil usually contains some water, mineral salts, and sediments. Study of selected petroleum refining residuals industry study part 1 august 1996 u. Crude oil conductivity conventional desalters use retention times, heat and alternating current ac electrostatic technology to treat crude blends. The first oil refinery unit is crude oil desalting. The economic unattractiveness of heavy crude oils in the global oil market scene. Crude gasoline gas naphtha kerosene fuel oil residualasphalt separation crude oil into various fractions based on boiling point crude desalter atmosphere crude unit vacuum crude unit converts lower value products into highdemand, premium products residual conversion middle distillate upgrading light ends processing. Pdf experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and.
Crude oil desalting is accomplished in two fundamental steps. Pdf influence of key parameters on crude oil desalting. The history of crude oil desaltingdehydration plant ddp has been marked in progressive phasesthe simple gravity settling phase, the. Feb 23, 20 single stage desalter mass balance posted in student. In a successful sra program, a significant amount of solids are removed from the crude oil and transferred to the brine. Mature crude oil fields are often prone to high water cuts and high content of fines. The large population of small water droplets and fines forms very. Shale oil introduces a host of challenges in the desalting process, including formation of. Operating pressure of the desalter minimum pressure must be sufficient to maintain desalter content in liquid. The salt content after the desalter is usually measured in ptb pounds of salt per thousand barrels of crude oil. Crude oil desalting using hydrocyclones sciencedirect. The crude oil and the water are run through a mix valve which brings the salts in contact with the water droplets. Level and pressure instrumentation for refining and petrochemical.
When a mixture from many crude oil sources is processed in refinery, the salt content can vary greatly. Water oil separation crude dehydration the actual removal of salt takes place well ahead of the vessel that bears the name desalter although there is some potential for secondary mixing desalting in some vessel designs. Single stage desalter mass balance student cheresources. Operating and mechanical design conditions the following conditions shall be specified by the company. Analysis of crude oil electrostatic desalters performance onepetro. Environmental protection agency research triangle park, north carolina 27711 october 2010.
The purpose of this booklet, therefore, is to help materials engineers identify those applications and to provide data to support the use of stainless steels in the hightemperature, corrosive environments that may be encountered. Crude oil introduced to refinery processing contains many undesirable impurities, such as sand, inorganic salts, drilling mud, polymer, corrosion byproduct, etc. The newly redesigned mod4100 crude analyzer represents a breakthrough in crude oil online analysis. Typical crude oil treatment system separation, heating, dehydration, stabilization, storage, metering, pumping gas to compression, processing gas to compression, processing crude crude exchanger crude heater electrostatic treater, heater treater, degasser, desalter oil dehydration gas to compression, dehydration water to water treatment water.
Jul 21, 2018 smart tutor crude oil desalter petroleum in this video you learn how to remove salt from crude oil subscribe my channel from beginner to expert. This would require many existing refineries to improve their desalting units to achieve the tighter salt spec. This is the reason why they are typically applied in upstream applications. The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil, not in the crude oil itself. Wateroil separation crude dehydration the actual removal of salt takes place well ahead of the vessel that bears the name desalter although there is some potential for secondary mixingdesalting in some vessel designs. Electrostatic coalescers are applied as the final separation step to break up emulsions and reduce the remaining water fraction dehydration. Box 34404 west bethesda, maryland 208270404 3019519006. This design guideline covers the basic elements of crude unit desalter system design.
Results showed that the contactor improved desalting, water in the crude oil. Pdf advanced technologies of electrostatic desalter and. Pdf optimal processing parameters of electrostatic crude. Pdf desalting plants are often installed in crude oil production units in order to remove watersoluble salts from an oil stream. A desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil. Interface tracking in the primary desalter it is important that a desalter unit runs efficiently to prevent corrosion to downstream equipment. Modelling and optimising of crude oil desalting process.
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